What Is Door Closer
A door closer is a mechanical device that regulates the speed and action of a door’s swing. Manual closers store the force used to open the door in some type of spring and reuse it to close the door. Automatic types use electricity to regulate door swing behavior. Door closers can be linked to a building's fire and security alarm systems. Essentially, a door closer is a device that closes a door automatically, either after it opens mechanically or after someone has manually opened it. According to current regulations, they should be fitted onto any fire doors, to ensure that the door always closes correctly after opening, unless the door is designated as Fire Door Keep Locked, such as cupboards or small storage areas.
Safety
Any fire door in a commercial building needs to be fitted with a door closer to ensure it closes properly and contains the spread of fire, unless it is a designated lockable fire door. This safety feature also extends to how the doors are used. A door closer is fitted with a damper which controls the force and speed at which the door closes, and hence this can prevent a person being struck by the door if it closes too quickly. This also prevents the door being opened too quickly, such as in high winds or where there are drafts in a building, this could also lead to injury.
Security
In a commercial building there are many forms of access control to prevent and manage unauthorised access, some of these are dependent on doors being properly and securely closed. So a door closer ensures this and enables a locking mechanism that is also fitted to the door to be engaged. The door closer prevents a situation where a door doesn’ t close properly and this seal is important for certain security features to work.
Solves the problem of banging doors
An office receives a lot of people traffic getting in and out as they carry out their duties. Door closers installed, and set at the speed a door can open and close. How wide the door can open is set, this eliminates the problem of a door being banged against the wall by someone rushing in and out. The slow opening of a door with closers alerts a person in the room, of a new arrival ideal for the reception area. Hire the services of a competent locksmith to install the door closers for you. Ask for maintenance services as well.
Easy to use
Someone carrying items in the office will not be worried about closing the door behind him/her. Some door closers installed allow the door to be pushed open without pulling to open. Get a free over the phone quotation from a reputable locksmith company on the varieties on offer.
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What Is The Purpose Of A Door Closer?
Fire door safety and compliance
Fire doors form an integral part of the fire compartmentation of a building and must be closed in the event of an outbreak of fire. A door closer ensures that the door will close automatically after it has been opened. A floor spring, transom, concealed or overhead closer could be installed to a fire door if it has the correct certification. If hold open function is required on a fire door, install either an electromagnetic door closer or an electromagnetic door holder.
Controlled closing
Most closers feature dampers that offer a level of control over the force and speed at which the door closes. This cushion is especially crucial on particularly heavy doors. Correctly adjusting the closure speed can prevent an injury to a child or a less able person; in fact, anyone who is unable to move quickly, even someone burdened with heavy shopping for example. Models overhead door closer also feature delayed action function which allows users more time to move through the doorway.
Secure closing
A door closer will ensure that your entrance door has closed securely after someone passes through it. This prevents your property from being left vulnerable to thieves or preventing unauthorised access etc. Fitting the correct door closer is especially important on doors fitted with access control. A door closer will ensure that the door returns to the closed position after opening, allowing the locking element to engage and secure the door. Doors using maglocks, electric strikes, or electric locks would all require a controlled door closing device to be fitted to provide secure closing.
Preventing damage
Most closers have backcheck function which prevents the door from being opened too fast. This can happen on external doors during high winds etc. When the door could blow open at high speed. The door blowing open at high speed, or being vigorously thrown open could damage either the door or the doorframe itself, which is costly.
User safety
A door blowing open or opening quickly could hurt anything or anyone who is standing close by. Fitting a door closer with adjustable power size allows for site-specific adjustments to be made, to suit a particular group of users. The dampening action of backcheck function would also provide additional safety to users. Once you have fitted a door closer it must be regularly checked and kept well maintained and/or adjusted periodically. This is crucial for any type of door closer fitted to a fire rated door.
Overhead door closers
Overhead closers are the most common and are widely used in commercial properties. For example, conference doors and interior office doors are typically affixed with automatic door closers. A conventional arm closer is a pull-side application, which means it sits outside the door. There are two arms, one attached to the frame and the other attached to a spring-loaded box. When closed, the arms extend vertically from the door. This is one of the most convenient of all options. In this application, there are two arms located on the top of the door. It is attached to the door with the help of a spring-loaded box and provides power for the closing action. These closers are most common in schools and commercial properties. In addition, they are more attractive than other options. Just like a regular door closer, the top side post has an arm that extends vertically from the door. The only difference is that the spring box is mounted on the front of the door frame. These are typically used for glass or aluminum doors, as these have fairly narrow top rails.
Concealed door closers
This style of home closer is installed in the door or frame to keep it concealed. They provide a more aesthetic appearance to the door as they are not really visible when the door is closed. They are available on the market in spring-loaded or hydraulic versions and are often used for interior doors as they are fairly light.
Floor spring door closers
Floor spring closers are typically used on glass doors and are installed on the floor to keep them hidden. The rod in the closer is mounted underneath the door and is used to control the closing action. These are mainly used in upscale commercial properties as they have the most attractive appearance. They also have an open setting so they can remain open.
Surface-mounted door closers
Surface-mounted closers are manufactured in such a way that they can be mounted inside the door frame with a rod at the back of the door. They are small enough to match the color of the door.
A Complete Guide to Selecting the Right Door Closer
Consider the door
Is it an internal or an external door? External doors will often require a door closer to control the door for ease of use and ensure it closes fully for security and environmental reasons as they are often not fire rated. Is it inward or outward opening? For inward and outward opening doors, some closers can be model specific rather than universal fitting, and angle brackets can sometimes be required. The height and width of a door leaf also need to be considered as taller or wider doors will need a larger power size closer. The weight of the door does not always depend on the overall dimensions of the door leaf. It can be dependent on the core material, any cladding, plus the weight of the ironmongery. Heavy doors, as with tall or wide doors, will also require a higher power size door closer to provide the strength required to fully close the door. For aesthetics or operational reasons such as doors opening tight against walls, you may need to consider a concealed door closer rather than an overhead rack and pinion or slide arm door closer. Fire rating is one other major consideration when selecting the right door closer for the right application.
Where is the door?
Location, location, location. Once you’ve established the door detail, next examine where the door is located. Doors opening close to a wall may need to have a transom closer, concealed closer or floor spring installed if there is not sufficient space for a scissor arm closer. An overhead door closer could also be installed on the push face of the door. As we’ve mentioned, external doors will also have a different requirement of door closer than an internal door to ensure optimal performance.
Door traffic
The volume, type, and frequency of traffic through a door needs to be given due consideration when selecting the right model of door closer. Traffic type is split into three levels as per the chart below:Facilities such as hospitals, schools, and shopping centres would all be considered to be high volume usage for a number of doors. Certain areas such as corridors would benefit from having hold open door closers fitted to allow traffic to flow freely during busy times. In addition to the volume of traffic you will need to consider the needs of the users; for example the elderly and less able people may need delayed action function to allow them time to pass through the door, or consider fitting automatic door operators. The frequency of use is a factor to look at as a door may be used infrequently for certain periods, then have spikes of high traffic use. In these instances, it is best to install a robust, durable door closer rather than a lower-powered unit so the closer will have sufficient power and functionality to cope with the most strenuous periods of use.
Door closer force
The larger and heavier the door the more force will be required to close it fully into the frame against any latch or lock fitted. Always check manufacturer and model specific technical information and test evidence as maximum door weights can vary across different brands. Often the door closers have adjustable strengths to cater for the size and weight of various types of doors. In a smaller room you may require additional force to overcome air pressure. You may also require a higher power size and a closer with latching action for an external door to help reduce slamming.
Ways To Install Door Closers
Standard installation: The body of the door closer is installed on the side of the sliding door, and the support arm is installed on the door frame. This installation method is suitable for narrow door frame, there is not enough space to install the door closer. This installation also applies to the direction of the door open without obstacles door open to a large enough angle, the door closer will not hit the foreign object.
The upper door frame installation: Door closer is installed on the push door side, the support arm is installed on the door. This type of installation is suitable for the door frame is wide, there is enough space to install the door closer. Compared with the standard installation, this installation is suitable for opening the door in the direction of the wall and other obstacles. Compared with the standard installation, this installation method of closing force is larger, suitable for larger and heavier doors.
Parallel installation: Door closer is installed on the side of the push door, parallel plate is installed on the door frame. This installation is suitable for door frame is very narrow, or almost no door frame you according to this way after installation, because there is no protruding connecting rod and rocker, so more beautiful. Compared with the standard installation, this installation is suitable for opening the door in the direction of the wall and other obstacles. Compared with the standard installation, the closing force of this installation is smaller.
Concealed installation: This installation method applies to hidden door closers, installation methods and slide rail installation the same. Comparison with the first three installation methods, this installation method's closing force is the smallest. According to this way of installation, the door is in the closed state without exposed parts, so the most beautiful. This installation method is the most complex, the best need for professionals to install. This installation requires a large gap with the door frame, generally 10mm (or the installation of the upper part of the door to remove the material to increase the gap). The thickness of the door needs to be more than 42mm.
Slide rail installation: General door closer installed in the door, slide rail installed in the door frame. Door closers can be on both sides of the door. Comparison with the first three installation methods, this installation method to close the door force is minimal. In accordance with this way after installation, because there is no protruding linkage and rocker, so more beautiful.
Essential Maintenance Tips for Door Closers
Understanding the importance of regular maintenance
Regular maintenance is key to preserving the functionality and extending the lifespan of door closers. Neglecting proper maintenance can lead to problems such as door misalignment, decreased closing efficiency, and even complete failure of the device. By dedicating time and attention to maintenance routines, you can prevent these issues and save money in the long run.
Cleaning and dusting
One of the primary maintenance tasks for commercial door closers is regular cleaning. Over time, dirt, dust, and debris can accumulate in the closer mechanism, hindering its smooth operation. To clean the door closer, start by removing any loose dirt or debris using a soft brush or cloth. Next, use a mild detergent diluted in water to wipe down the closer, paying special attention to the moving parts. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or excessive moisture, as they can damage the closer's components.
Lubrication
Proper lubrication is essential for the smooth functioning of door closers. It reduces friction, minimizes wear and tear, and ensures consistent closing and latching. Lubricate the closer's moving parts using a silicone-based or graphite lubricant, as recommended by the manufacturer. Apply the lubricant to the hinges, pivot points, and other movable components, following the manufacturer's instructions. Be careful not to over-lubricate, as excess lubricant can attract dirt and cause clogging.
Adjustment and inspection
Regular adjustment and inspection of the door closer are crucial for its optimal performance. Periodically check the closer's closing speed, latch speed, and backcheck settings, and make adjustments as necessary. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for the correct adjustment procedures and recommended settings. Additionally, inspect the closer for any signs of wear, loose screws, or damaged components. If you notice any issues, address them promptly to prevent further damage.
Professional maintenance and servicing
While regular maintenance can be performed by business owners or facility managers, it is also important to schedule professional maintenance and servicing for your commercial door closers. Professionals have the expertise and knowledge to thoroughly inspect and service the closer, identify potential problems, and perform any necessary repairs or component replacements. Regular professional maintenance can help catch issues early on, prevent major malfunctions, and ensure the longevity of your door closers.
FAQ
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